In the modern age, the scientific method set the agenda for the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. Since then, science has earned its place worldwide. But for all its success, and knowledge-gathering isn’t as simple. For 500 years scientists and philosophers have argued over how it ought to work. After that Setting aside gods and supernatural forces, most philosophers instead base their understanding of nature on observation. In other words, they employ a rudimentary form of what we now call the scientific method.
Theory
Most people use the word 'theory' to mean an idea or hunch that someone has, but in science, the word 'theory' refers to the way that we interpret facts."Its means scientific definition strongly contrasts with the definition of theory as it is used in science. A theory is a carefully thought-out explanation for observations of the natural world that has been constructed using the scientific method, and which brings together many facts and hypotheses. The hypothesis is an idea that we can test with further scientific observations.
Scientists make an observation of a natural phenomenon. Then they devise a hypothesis about the explanation of the phenomenon, and they design an experiment and/or collects additional data to test the hypothesis.
Hypothesis
Every scientific theory starts as a hypothesis. A scientific hypothesis is a suggested solution for an unexplained occurrence that doesn't fit into a currently accepted scientific theory. If the test falsifies the hypothesis, They will have to develop a new hypothesis and test that. If the hypothesis is corroborated by the test, the scientist will retain it. If it survives additional scrutiny, They may eventually try to incorporate it into a larger theory that helps to explain their observed phenomenon and relate it to other phenomena.
Example: The theory of evolution states that the process of natural selection should work to optimize the function of an organism's parts if the changes increase the chances of the organism successfully producing offspring and the changes are heritable
Scientific theory
A scientific theory is a framework for observations and facts. Theories may change, or the way that they are interpreted may change, but the facts themselves don't change. we can imagine theories like a basket and it makes with facts and observations that they find. The shape of that basket may change as the scientists learn more and include more facts. "For our previous example, we have ample evidence of in world populations becoming more strong to some diseases (evolution). So evolution is a fact but the overarching theories about evolution, the way that we think all of the facts go together might change as new observations of evolution are made.
Science is an enormously successful human enterprise. The study of the scientific method is the attempt to discern the activities by which that success is achieved. The question of the source of the success of science has been at the core of philosophy since the beginning of modern science. If viewed as a matter of epistemology more generally, the scientific method is a part of the entire history of philosophy.
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